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Everything you need to help you launch your new business entity from business entity selection to multiple-entity business structures.
Designed for rental property owners where WCG CPAs & Advisors supports you as your real estate CPA.
Everything you need from tax return preparation for your small business to your rental to your corporation is here.
WCG’s primary objective is to help you to feel comfortable about engaging with us
Table Of Contents
By Jason Watson, CPA
Posted Wednesday, October 20, 2021
We might lose our minds the next time Congress acts over the holidays and ruins our eggnog. At least Wisconsin won the Orange Bowl which is nice. How does the Section 199A phaseout work?
NBI is short for Net Business Income, and W-2/DA is the limit based on the greater of 50% of W-2 wages paid, or 25% of W-2 wages paid plus 2.5% of unadjusted basis for depreciable assets. The dashed arrow is a specified service trade or business. The Y axis is the Section 199A limit. The Section 199A phaseout should be viewed as where you are going to “end up.” Quick example, step by step-
Here is table that attempts to summarize what the heck we are talking about.
Taxable Income | 340,000 |
Phaseout Trigger | 315,000 |
Amount That Exceeds | 25,000 |
Phaseout Range | 100,000 |
Percentage of Phaseout | 25% |
Since the taxable income trigger of $315,000 is exceeded by $25,000 and the phaseout range is $100,000 for married taxpayers, we are 25% into the phaseout range. We now have to split these up between non-service and service.
This gets really funky really fast. For the non-SSTB people, the math is straightforward. For the specific service trade or business people, we need to determine how much of the remaining phaseout range is available. In this case, 25% of the phaseout range is “used up” leaving 75% remaining.
Non-SSTB | SSTB | |
Net Business Income | 300,000 | 225,000 |
Section 199A on NBI | 60,000 | 45,000 |
W-2 Wages Paid | 100,000 | 75,000 |
Section 199A on W-2 | 50,000 | 37,500 |
Therefore, 75% of the NBI of $300,000 is $225,000. 75% of the W-2 wages paid of $100,000 is $75,000. These remaining amounts are the basis for the original Section 199A calculations of 20% of net business income, or $45,000 above… and 50% of W-2 wages paid, or $37,500 above.
Another way to look at this is 75% is the remaining Section 199A benefit for the SSTB people. Therefore 75% of the net business income limit of $60,000 is $45,000… and 75% of $W-2 limit of 50,000 is $37,500.
This creates an “upper limit” and a “lower limit” which further creates the difference to apply the phaseout range percentage (in this example, 25%).
Non-SSTB | SSTB | |
Section 199A Upper Limit | 60,000 | 45,000 |
Section 199A Lower Limit | 50,000 | 37,500 |
Difference | 10,000 | 7,500 |
Finally, we choose the greater of the Section 199A based on net business income and the Section 199A based on W-2 wages paid. In our example, $60,000 and $45,000 respectively.
This is then reduced by the percentage of phaseout range multiplied against the difference. In this example, 25% of $10,000 and 25% of $7,500 for the specified service business.
This summarizes the Section 199A reduction and ultimate deduction.
Non-SSTB | SSTB | |
Section 199A on NBI | 60,000 | 45,000 |
Section 199A Reduction | 2,500 | 1,875 |
Section 199A Deduction | 57,500 | 43,125 |
This should make sense. Another way to look at this- let’s say your taxable income was exactly $415,000. You would be 100% into the phaseout range, so your Section 199A deduction would be reduced by $10,000 (100% of the difference of $10,000) for a non-service trade or business. This would also magically equal the Section 199A limit set by 50% of your W-2 wages paid or $50,000.
Extending this logic would suggest that a specified service trade or business who has $415,000 in taxable income would have his or her Section 199A deduction reduced by 100% since the remaining amount of the phaseout range is 0%.
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We see far too many crazy schemes and half-baked ideas from attorneys and wealth managers. In some cases, they are good ideas. In most cases, all the entities, layering and mixed ownership is only the illusion of precision. As Chris Rock says, just because you can drive your car with your feet doesn’t make it a good idea. In other words, let’s not automatically convert “you can” into “you must.”
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Everything you need to help you launch your new business entity from business entity selection to multiple-entity business structures.
Designed for rental property owners where WCG CPAs & Advisors supports you as your real estate CPA.
Everything you need from tax return preparation for your small business to your rental to your corporation is here.
WCG’s primary objective is to help you to feel comfortable about engaging with us